We explore how grassland ecosystem management (e.g., crop choice, planting, tillage, inputs, harvest, grazing, & burning) shapes grassland ecosystem structure (e.g., composition, height, configuration, & diversity) and grassland ecosystem function (soil accrual, carbon accumulation, greenhouse gas fluxes, & hydrologic flows) that underpin critical grassland ecosystem services (e.g., provisioning of food, fiber, & fuel; clean surface & ground water; stable climate, reduced flooding, & biodiversity).